Vox (parti)

politisk parti i Spania

Vox er et spansk politisk parti, grunnlagt i 2013. Partiet ble stiftet av utbrytere fra det konservative Partido Popular (PP). Vox går inn for en sterk enhetsstat i Spania, og avviser dermed det eksisterende system med autonome regioner.[7]

Vox
LandSpania
Leder(e)Santiago Abascal Conde (september 2014–)
GeneralsekretærJavier Ortega Smith-Molina
Grunnlegger(e)José Antonio Ortega Lara
Grunnlagt2013
Hovedkvartercalle del Bambú
Antall medlemmer62 374 (31. desember 2020)[1][2][3][4][5]
IdeologiKonservativt, Nasjonalistisk[trenger referanse]
Politisk posisjonHøyreekstremisme [6]
Nettstedwww.voxespana.es (es)
Spanias parlament
52 / 350
(2019)
Europaparlamentet
3 / 54
(2019)

Partiet hører til ytre høyre i Spania[8][9][10] og omtales som høyrepopulistisk[11][12], neo-Francoist, reaksjonært, høyreekstremt[6][13][14][15][16][17] og antifeministisk.[18] I 2018 uttalte daværende partileder i Andalucia, Francisco Serrano, blant annet at Spania under Franco ikke hadde vært noe diktatur.[7] Spania har ikke hatt noe ytre-høyre parti på lenge.[16]

Partiet stilte første gang til valg ved Europaparlamentvalget i 2014, men oppnådde ikke representasjon i parlamentet. Høsten 2017 hadde partiet sterk vekst i etterkant av krisen i forbindelse med Catalonias avstemning om løsrivelse og terrorangrepet i Barcelona.

I september 2018 fikk partiet sin første regionparlamentrepresentant for Extremadura da en uavhengig representant som tidligere hadde gått ut av PP gikk over til partiet.[19] I desember 2018 fikk de inn tolv representanter til det andalusiske regionparlamentet. Dermed fikk Vox første representant til Spanias senat.[20]

I Europaparlamentet tilhører partiet Vox Gruppen af Europæiske Konservative og Reformister.[21]

Referanser rediger

  1. ^ https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2014-09-20/vidal-quadras-me-siento-desilusionado-con-el-debate-agrio-generado-en-vox_204633/.
  2. ^ https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2018-10-08/vox-pp-elecciones-municipales_1626536/.
  3. ^ https://www.voxespana.es/notas-de-prensa/vox-logra-1-270-nuevos-afiliados-desde-el-28-a-20190507.
  4. ^ https://www.lainformacion.com/espana/vox-investidura-abascal-afiliados/6532902/.
  5. ^ Jack Dorsey; Evan Williams; Biz Stone (på mul), Twitter, X Corp., Twitter-brukernavn vox_es/status/1125736691799613440, Wikidata Q918, https://twitter.com 
  6. ^ a b Applebaum, Anne (2. mai 2019). «Want to build a far-right movement? Spain’s Vox party shows how.». Washington Post. «For the past couple of years, it has focused on immigration scare stories, gradually increasing their emotional intensity. Some of what is promoted is material that comes originally from extremist networks, and all of it aligns with messages being put out by Vox.» 
  7. ^ a b Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische. «Neuwahl in Spanien | bpb». bpb.de (tysk). Besøkt 27. april 2019. 
  8. ^ González, Miguel (6. november 2019). «Vox, unchallenged at TV debate, enjoys boost in the polls». El País (engelsk). ISSN 1134-6582. Besøkt 10. november 2019. «Polls in a number of Spanish newspapers – El Mundo, La Vanguardia, La Razón – placed the leader of the far-right Vox party, Santiago Abascal, as the winner of the live televised debate broadcast on Monday night ahead of Sunday’s upcoming general election in Spain.» 
  9. ^ «Spain prays for a solution to political deadlock». Financial Times (engelsk). 7. november 2019. Besøkt 10. november 2019. «Catalonia’s pro-independence parties have the support of about 2m of the region’s 4m voters. But the separatist campaign has triggered a backlash elsewhere in Spain, where the far-right Vox party — which has called for a state of emergency to be imposed in the region — hopes to become the third biggest force in parliament.» 
  10. ^ Legorano, Margherita Stancati and Giovanni (9. november 2019). «Catalan Unrest Dims Spanish Socialists’ Hopes for Big Electoral Win». Wall Street Journal (engelsk). ISSN 0099-9660. Besøkt 10. november 2019. «Leaders of Spain’s far-right Vox party took the stage during a campaign rally in this coastal city and inveighed against Catalan separatism, prompting roars of support from the crowd of thousands waving red-and-yellow Spanish flags.» 
  11. ^ Jones, Sam (10. november 2019). «Vox party puts ‘menace’ of migrant children at centre of election drive». The Observer (engelsk). ISSN 0029-7712. Besøkt 10. november 2019. «Like most rightwing populist parties, Vox delights in provoking outrage by spewing provocative messages regardless of their veracity. But for many, the attacks on unaccompanied migrant children are repellent at best and dangerous at worst. Emilio Delgado, a member of the Madrid regional parliament for the leftwing Más Madrid party, points out that the Hortaleza centre is desperately overcrowded and under-resourced.» 
  12. ^ Badcock, James; Foster, Peter (5. november 2019). «Spain’s hard-Right surge as populists take advantage of Catalonia crisis». The Telegraph (engelsk). ISSN 0307-1235. Besøkt 10. november 2019. 
  13. ^ Hustadnes, Halldor (10. november 2019). «Brøt Franco-tabu - kan bli valgvinner i Spania søndag». Dagbladet.no (norsk). Besøkt 11. november 2019. «- Han er en klassisk reaksjonær, sier førsteamanuensis, valgforsker og Spania-ekspert Marcus Buck ved Universitetet i Tromsø, om Santiago Abascal.» 
  14. ^ Puigdemont, Carles (14. oktober 2019). «Spain’s imprisonment of Catalan leaders is a desperate move that will backfire | Carles Puigdemont». The Guardian (engelsk). ISSN 0261-3077. Besøkt 10. november 2019. «The supreme court allowed Vox, a neo-Francoist political party, to take an active part in the legal proceedings and to question the defendants personally. The extreme right in Spain correctly perceives Catalan independence parties as a threat. The political message throughout this process has been clear. This is the old Spain reasserting itself. Never truly committed to the human rights values of the Council of Europe and the European Union, dark forces have begun to assert themselves once more, with the full acquiescence of the government and the judiciary.» 
  15. ^ «Spanish voters must treat Sunday's election as an emergency». www.newstatesman.com (engelsk). Besøkt 10. november 2019. «The extreme right led by Vox continues to gain ground as the latest polls show that it might significantly increase its presence in the Spanish parliament, even ahead of Podemos.» 
  16. ^ a b «Wristbands and a sense of belonging: How Spain’s far-right Vox party has entered the mainstream». The Independent (engelsk). 11. november 2019. Besøkt 11. november 2019. «Just under a year ago, Vox was dismissed as a bunch of extremist oddballs by critics who insisted it would remain in the political wilderness in a country which had long prided itself as having no far-right party.» 
  17. ^ Meyers, Kayla (25. oktober 2019). «What exhuming Francisco Franco’s remains could mean for Spain». Washington Post. «And while interring Franco in a more central location would seem in Vox’s favor, party leaders view this as “kicking him off his pedestal” in the valley. The move may also unearth the most extremist adherents on the right, making explicit the connection between Vox today and Franco’s regime.» 
  18. ^ Jones, Sam. «Far right victories in Andalucía send shockwave through Spanish politics». The Guardian (engelsk). 
  19. ^ Company, The Geco (10. september 2018). «Los ex 'populares' Juan Antonio Morales y Antonio Pozo se incorporan a Vox». Región Digital. Besøkt 28. april 2019. 
  20. ^ 20Minutos (19. februar 2019). «¿Quién es Francisco José Alcaraz, el primer senador de Vox?». 20minutos.es - Últimas Noticias (spansk). Besøkt 28. april 2019. 
  21. ^ «ECR Group in the European Parliament». ECR Group. Besøkt 10. november 2019.