Drusilla (bille)

Drusilla er en slekt av biller som hører til den store underfamilien småkortvinger (Aleocharinae) i familien kortvinger (Staphylinidae). De er spesialiserte på å leve sammen med maur.

Drusilla
Drusilla canaliculata
Nomenklatur
Drusilla Leach, 1819
Synonymi
Astilbus Dillwyn, 1829
Klassifikasjon
Rike		Dyreriket
Rekke		Leddyr
Klasse		Insekter
Orden		Biller
Familie		Kortvinger
Underfamilie		Småkortvinger
Økologi
Antall arter:		ca. 220, én art funnet i Norge
Habitat:		i og ved maurtuer
Inndelt i

Utseende

Små til middelsstore (gjerne 3-5 millimeter), brunlige eller rødlige kortvinger, kroppen lite hårete bortsett fra hårpenslene på bakkroppen. Antennene er forholdsvis lange og kraftige. Hodet er forholdsvis lite og rundt. Pronotum er lengre enn bredt, gjerne med en bred midtfure. Dekkvingene er forholdsvis korte. Beina er forholdsvis lange og tynne.

Levevis

Drusilla-artene har spesialisert seg på å leve sammen med maur. Disse artene lever rundt maurtuene der de dels jakter på maurene, dels eter maurenes matrester.

Systematisk inndeling / norske arter

Treliste

• Ordenen biller, Coleoptera
  • Underordenen Polyphaga
    • Overfamilien åtsel- og rovbiller, Staphylinoidea
      • Familien kortvinger (Staphylinidae) Latreille, 1802
        • Underfamilien småkortvinger (Aleocharinae) Fleming, 1821
          • Stammen Lomechusini
            • Slekten Drusilla Leach, 1819 (synonym Astilbus Dillwyn, 1829)
              • Drusilla adjacens (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla aeneicollis (Fauvel, 1899)
              • Drusilla aequatorialis (Bernhauer, 1927)
              • Drusilla aerea (Scheerpeltz, 1934)
              • Drusilla affinis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla aino Nakane, 1963
              • Drusilla alutacea Reitter, 1901
              • Drusilla anceps Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla andrewesi (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla angularis (Fauvel, 1899)
              • Drusilla ashei Eldredge, 2012
              • Drusilla assamensis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla attenuata Kistner, 1997
              • Drusilla baliensis Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla bartolozzii Pace, 2003
              • Drusilla bernhaueri (Scheerpeltz, 1934)
              • Drusilla besucheti Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla bicarinicollis Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla bicolor (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla bifida Assing, 2016
              • Drusilla bilobata Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla bispinosa Assing, 2019
              • Drusilla bituberculata (Motschulsky, 1858)
              • Drusilla borneensis (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla borneoapicalis Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla borneoclara Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla borneoruficollis Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla borneostricta Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla brevipennis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla breviuter Assing, 2019
              • Drusilla bruneiensis Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla bruneiorum Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla bryanti (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla bulbata Assing, 2008
              • Drusilla bulbosa Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla burgeoniana (Bernhauer, 1943)
              • Drusilla butuanensis (Bernhauer, 1916)
              • Drusilla caelata Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla caelaticollis Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla calicis Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla cameroni (Scheerpeltz, 1934)
              • Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius, 1787) - eneste art i Norge
              • Drusilla caputserpentis Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla carinithorax (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla celebensis (Cameron, 1942)
              • Drusilla cenwanglaomontis Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla cernens Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla congoensis (Kistner, 2003)
              • Drusilla convexifrons (Fairmaire, 1873)
              • Drusilla cretica Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla cupulifer (Fauvel, 1906)
              • Drusilla damingensis Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla danumensis Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla dendrolasii Maruyama & Kishimoto, 2002
              • Drusilla denigrata Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla denticollis (Bernhauer, 1933)
              • Drusilla dharmapuriensis Pace, 2001
              • Drusilla dimidiata Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla divergens Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla dorylophila (Bernhauer, 1929)
              • Drusilla drescheri (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla dumogaicola Pace, 2004
              • Drusilla dusunorum Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla endopilosella Pace, 2000
              • Drusilla endorica (Saulcy, 1865)
              • Drusilla erichsoni (Peyron, 1857)
              • Drusilla feae (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla fissata (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla flagellata Assing, 2015
              • Drusilla flava (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla flavicornis (Motschulsky, 1858)
              • Drusilla foeda Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla fontis Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla foreli (Wasmann, 1890)
              • Drusilla fossulicollis Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla fossulifera Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla frater (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla gabonensis Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla ganglbaueri (Bernhauer, 1906)
              • Drusilla gibberella Pace, 1998
              • Drusilla gilva Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla gracilicornis (Bernhauer, 1902)
              • Drusilla gracilis (Hochhuth, 1849)
              • Drusilla granulata (Bernhauer, 1927)
              • Drusilla granulicollis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla guineensis (Bernhauer, 1932)
              • Drusilla haematica (Fauvel, 1899)
              • Drusilla heydeni (Eppelsheim, 1887)
              • Drusilla hipponensis (Fauvel, 1898)
              • Drusilla impressicollis (Kraatz, 1857)
              • Drusilla imurai Maruyama & Kishimoto, 2002
              • Drusilla incola (Fauvel, 1904)
              • Drusilla inflatae Maruyama, Yek, Hashim & Ito, 2003
              • Drusilla intermedia (Cameron, 1933)
              • Drusilla italica (Bernhauer, 1903)
              • Drusilla jacobsoni (Cameron, 1936)
              • Drusilla javana (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla kabyliana (Fagel, 1958)
              • Drusilla kadooriorum Pace, 1998
              • Drusilla kamerunensis (Bernhauer, 1912)
              • Drusilla kathmanduensis Pace, 1992
              • Drusilla katiki Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla keiichii Maruyama, 2004
              • Drusilla khamhengi Pace, 1986
              • Drusilla kinabaluensis Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla kisumuensis Pace, 1996
              • Drusilla laevicauda (Bernhauer, 1903)
              • Drusilla lateremaculata Pace, 2016
              • Drusilla lativentris Assing, 2017
              • Drusilla lethierryi (Fauvel, 1898)
              • Drusilla liangicola Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla limata Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla lineatocollis (Kraatz, 1859)
              • Drusilla longatheca Pace, 2004
              • Drusilla lucens (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla lucida (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla luzonica (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla lydica Assing, 2007
              • Drusilla magniceps (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla mahnerti Pace, 1996
              • Drusilla malaisei (Scheerpeltz, 1965)
              • Drusilla malindensis Pace, 1991
              • Drusilla manenekarum Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla manubrifera Pace, 2010
              • Drusilla memnonia (Märkel, 1844)
              • Drusilla meridiana (Fauvel, 1900)
              • Drusilla mixta (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla montanella (Bernhauer, 1936)
              • Drusilla monticola (Cameron, 1943)
              • Drusilla nearctica Eldredge, 2012
              • Drusilla necaerea Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla nepalensis Pace, 1992
              • Drusilla nigra (Cameron, 1925)
              • Drusilla nigrescens (Motschulsky, 1858)
              • Drusilla nomurai Maruyama, 2000
              • Drusilla obliqua (Bernhauer, 1916)
              • Drusilla obliquoides Pace, 2003
              • Drusilla occipitalis Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla ocularis (Fenyes, 1914)
              • Drusilla opacicollis (Cameron, 1920)
              • Drusilla opacipennis (Bernhauer, 1902)
              • Drusilla operosa Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla orientalis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla orissaensis Pace, 2011
              • Drusilla pallidicornis Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla papuana (Cameron, 1937)
              • Drusilla pendleburyi (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla penicillata Assing, 2019
              • Drusilla perakensis Pace, 2013
              • Drusilla perdensa Pace, 2004
              • Drusilla perforans Assing, 2015
              • Drusilla persica Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla persulcata Pace, 2004
              • Drusilla pervisa Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla philippina (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla planaticollis (Kraatz, 1857)
              • Drusilla plena Pace, 2004
              • Drusilla plicipennis (Bernhauer, 1915)
              • Drusilla profunda Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla proxima (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla pudukkottaiensis Pace, 2001
              • Drusilla puetzi Assing, 2011
              • Drusilla punctatissima (Kraatz, 1857)
              • Drusilla raffrayi (Fairmaire, 1871)
              • Drusilla rantepaoicola Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla recta Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla refugita Pace, 2000
              • Drusilla rougemonti Pace, 1987
              • Drusilla rougemontiana Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla ruficornis (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla rufiventris (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla rufobrunnea (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla rufocaelata Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla rufoflava (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla sabahensis Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla sabahorum Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla schawalleri Kistner, 1994
              • Drusilla sculpticollides Hlavàč, Newton & Maruyama, 2011
              • Drusilla semicircularis (Bernhauer, 1929)
              • Drusilla semicyanea (Cameron, 1930)
              • Drusilla semimonticola Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla semiobliqua Pace, 2005
              • Drusilla semipunctata (Bernhauer, 1929)
              • Drusilla semirubra (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla serrulae Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla shavrini Assing, 2019
              • Drusilla singalorum Pace, 1988
              • Drusilla sinicola Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla sinuosa Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla smetanai Pace, 1992
              • Drusilla sparsa (Sharp, 1874)
              • Drusilla spiniventris Assing, 2019
              • Drusilla spissatheca Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla stevensi (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla strigicollis (Cameron, 1928)
              • Drusilla subsplendens Assing, 2011
              • Drusilla suturalis (Erichson, 1843)
              • Drusilla takashii Maruyama, 2004
              • Drusilla taygetana Assing, 2005
              • Drusilla terrestris Pace, 2008
              • Drusilla thai Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla thaifuscicollis Pace, 2012
              • Drusilla theryi (Fauvel, 1898)
              • Drusilla tigrata Pace, 1992
              • Drusilla todolarum Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla trigonocephala (Cameron, 1939)
              • Drusilla trina Pace, 2014
              • Drusilla tronqueti Pace, 1988
              • Drusilla tuberculata (Bernhauer, 1916)
              • Drusilla ulusegamicola Pace, 2015
              • Drusilla umranicola Pace, 2005
              • Drusilla umtaliensis Pace, 1996
              • Drusilla unicolor (Cameron, 1950)
              • Drusilla veluticollis (Cameron, 1928)
              • Drusilla villosa (Peyerimhoff, 1909)
              • Drusilla wallacei (Kistner & McNairn, 1991)
              • Drusilla watanabei Maruyama & Kishimoto, 2002
              • Drusilla yunnanensis Pace, 1993
              • Drusilla zhejiangensis Pace, 1998
              • Drusilla zimbabwensis Pace, 1996
              • Drusilla zyrasoides Dvořàk, 1988

Referanser

• Silfverberg, H. 1992. Enumeratio Coleopterorum Fennoscandiae, Daniae et Baltiae (Liste over Nordens biller). Helsinki.

Eksterne lenker

• (en) Drusilla (bille) i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) Drusilla (bille) i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
• (no) Drusilla (bille) hos Artsdatabanken
• (sv) Drusilla (bille) hos Dyntaxa
• (en) Drusilla (bille) hos ITIS
• (en) Drusilla (bille) hos NCBI
• (en) Kategori:Drusilla (Staphylinidae) – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• Drusilla – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies