Ruhnama
Ruhnama betyr «sjelens bok» og er skrevet i 1990-årene av den daværende turkmenske presidenten Saparmyrat Nyýazow (1940–2006).[1] Boken var pensum på skolene i Turkmenistan frem til 2011.[2] I 2014 ble det besluttet at universitetene i Turkmenistan ikke lenger skulle holde opptaksprøver i kjennskapen til Ruhnama.[3]
Referanser rediger
- ^ «A dictator's guide to the universe». the Guardian (engelsk). 29. desember 2006. Besøkt 7. juli 2022. «I had heard a great deal about the Ruhnama, Turkmenbashi's legendary "book of the soul" (allegedly required reading if you were going to take a driving test, wear underpants etc), but I doubted any journalist had bothered to read a copy. I decided that I would, and quickly found an English translation on the handy website Ruhnama Online.»
- ^ «Turkmen Government Removes Ruhnama as Required Subject | Eurasianet». eurasianet.org (engelsk). 26. april 2011. Besøkt 7. juli 2022.
- ^ «Turkmenistan Is Finally Putting the 'Ruhnama' Behind Them (Arkivert)». The Vice. 31. juli 2014. Archived from the original on 20. mars 2015. Besøkt 7. juli 2022. «Earlier this month, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan declared that universities in his nation would no longer test applicants on their knowledge of the Ruhnama. Most of the world ignored what seemed like a minor domestic issue, but for a population of Turkmenistan watchers—and many Turkmens themselves—this was cause for celebration.»
