Aksai Chin

Aksai Chin
Land	Kina
Areal	37 245 km²
	Posisjonskart Aksai Chin Aksai Chin (Kina)
	; Aksai Chin; 35°N 79°Ø
	Aksai Chin på Commons

Aksai Chin (kinesisk 阿克赛钦 eller 阿克賽欽) er en region i grenseområdet mellom Kina, Pakistan og India. Regionen beherskes i realiteten av Kina som har tatt den med i prefekturene Hotan og en mindre remse i Ngari, mens India gjør krav på samme som en del av India.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]; disputten går tilbake til 1962.^[5]

Området på rundt 37 tusen km² er så godt som helt ubebodd, men er av strategisk interesse for de innblandede stater. En av de direkte årsaker til Den sino-indiske krig i 1962 var den indiske oppdagelse av en ny kinesisk vei gjennom territoriet. Denne veien sammenbinder Tibet og Xinjiang og passerer gjennom byen Tianshuihai, det eneste egentlige tettstedet i hele Aksai Chin, og som har omkring 1.600 innbyggere.

I juni 2020 døde 20 indiske soldater og 43 kinesiske i en trefning ved Pangongsjøen.^[6]^[7]

Referanser rediger

^ «Q NO 2879.MAP SHOWING AKSAI CHIN AS PART OF CHINA». Ministry of External Affairs. 18. desember 2014. Besøkt 23. desember 2019. «MAP SHOWING AKSAI CHIN AS PART OF CHINA
2879. SHRIMATI NAZNIN FARUQUE:
Will the Ministry of External Affairs be pleased to state:
(a) whether a map has been issued showing Aksai Chin to be part of Chinese Territory;
(b) if so, the action taken by Government in this regard; and
(c) whether the said map has been withdrawn?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
(SHRIMATI SUSHMA SWARAJ)
(a) to (c) China disputes the international boundary between India and China. Indian territory under the occupation of China in Jammu & Kashmir is approximately 38,000 sq. kms. In addition, under the so-called China-Pakistan "Boundary Agreement” signed between China and Pakistan on 2 March 1963, Pakistan illegally ceded 5,180 sq. kms. of Indian territory in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir to China. The fact that Jammu & Kashmir is an integral and inalienable part of India has been clearly conveyed to the Chinese side on several occasions, including at the highest level.»
^ «LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3081 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.12.2012». Ministry of External Affairs. 12. desember 2019. Besøkt 28. desember 2019. «Will the Minister of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:
(a) whether the new E-passports of China show Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin as part of China;
(b) if so, the details of thereof and the response of the Indian Government in this regard;
{...}
(a) & (b) Recently, China started issuing new electronic passports which contain watermarks of a map of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which depicts Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin as part of China. Our Embassy and its Consulates General in China have started stamping a round seal of the map of India depicting our correct external boundaries on visas stamped on such passports.»
^ «Map: Xinjiang China». Financial Times. 13. mars 2018. Besøkt 30. desember 2019. (In the map, the Aksai Chin region is shown in grey whereas most of the territory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is shown in blue-green.)
^ Collins World Atlas Illustrated Edition (3rd utg.). HarperCollins. 2007. s. 82. ISBN 978-0-00-723168-3 – via Internet Archive. «AKSAI CHIN CLAIMED BY INDIA UNDER CHINESE ADMINISTRATION»
^ The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) and (b), reflecting due weight in the coverage:
(a) Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannia, Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent, besøkt 15. august 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories. China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(b) «Kashmir», Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, s. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6, https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
^ India: 20 soldater drept i kamper på grensa til Kina. Aftenposten. Besøkt 3. september 2020.
^ «Updates: 20 Indian Soldiers Killed; 43 Chinese Casualties In Ladakh, Says ANI». 16. juni 2020. Besøkt 3. september 2020.

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(en) Aksai Chin – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på Commons

[moe_quote-1] «Q NO 2879.MAP SHOWING AKSAI CHIN AS PART OF CHINA». Ministry of External Affairs. 18. desember 2014. Besøkt 23. desember 2019. «MAP SHOWING AKSAI CHIN AS PART OF CHINA
2879. SHRIMATI NAZNIN FARUQUE:
Will the Ministry of External Affairs be pleased to state:
(a) whether a map has been issued showing Aksai Chin to be part of Chinese Territory;
(b) if so, the action taken by Government in this regard; and
(c) whether the said map has been withdrawn?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
(SHRIMATI SUSHMA SWARAJ)
(a) to (c) China disputes the international boundary between India and China. Indian territory under the occupation of China in Jammu & Kashmir is approximately 38,000 sq. kms. In addition, under the so-called China-Pakistan "Boundary Agreement” signed between China and Pakistan on 2 March 1963, Pakistan illegally ceded 5,180 sq. kms. of Indian territory in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir to China. The fact that Jammu & Kashmir is an integral and inalienable part of India has been clearly conveyed to the Chinese side on several occasions, including at the highest level.»

[2] «LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.3081 TO BE ANSWERED ON 12.12.2012». Ministry of External Affairs. 12. desember 2019. Besøkt 28. desember 2019. «Will the Minister of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS be pleased to state:
(a) whether the new E-passports of China show Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin as part of China;
(b) if so, the details of thereof and the response of the Indian Government in this regard;
{...}
(a) & (b) Recently, China started issuing new electronic passports which contain watermarks of a map of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which depicts Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin as part of China. Our Embassy and its Consulates General in China have started stamping a round seal of the map of India depicting our correct external boundaries on visas stamped on such passports.»

[3] «Map: Xinjiang China». Financial Times. 13. mars 2018. Besøkt 30. desember 2019. (In the map, the Aksai Chin region is shown in grey whereas most of the territory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is shown in blue-green.)

[4] Collins World Atlas Illustrated Edition (3rd utg.). HarperCollins. 2007. s. 82. ISBN 978-0-00-723168-3 – via Internet Archive. «AKSAI CHIN CLAIMED BY INDIA UNDER CHINESE ADMINISTRATION»

[britannica-jammu-kashmir-5] The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) and (b), reflecting due weight in the coverage:
(a) Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannia, Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent, Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent, besøkt 15. august 2019 (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories. China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(b) «Kashmir», Encyclopedia Americana, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2006, s. 328, ISBN 978-0-7172-0139-6, https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328 C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";

[6] India: 20 soldater drept i kamper på grensa til Kina. Aftenposten. Besøkt 3. september 2020.

[7] «Updates: 20 Indian Soldiers Killed; 43 Chinese Casualties In Ladakh, Says ANI». 16. juni 2020. Besøkt 3. september 2020.

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